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λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μž„μƒ 척도 – 2021λ…„ κ°œμ •νŒ

Clinical Scales for Peripheral Neuropathy - Revision 2021

Jee-Eun Kim, MD, Jong Seok Bae, MDa

λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μž„μƒ 척도 – 2021λ…„ κ°œμ •νŒ

김지은, 배쒅석a
Received October 6, 2020; Β  Β  Β  Revised January 13, 2021; Β  Β  Β  Accepted January 13, 2021;
ABSTRACT
Outcome measurements are essential to monitor the clinical course or the treatment response of peripheral neuropathy. Even though there are no designated standard scale for peripheral neuropathy currently, several clinical scales were validated to use for outcome measurements based on many researches. Here, we reviewed clinical scales commonly used and fulfilled clinimetric properties in peripheral neuropathy, especially focusing on inflammatory neuropathy (Guillain-BarrΓ© syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy). Each scale was classified according to the International Classification of outcome measure model - the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to achieve a comprehensive concept of clinical scale in peripheral neuropathy.
μ„œ λ‘ 
μ„œ λ‘ 
신경계 μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 손상 정도 및 치료효과λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§ˆν™˜μ— 따라 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μž„μƒ 척도듀이 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄ μž„μƒμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½μ§ˆν™˜μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€ν‘œμ μœΌλ‘œ 당뇨신경병증[1-5]κ³Ό κΈΈλž‘-λ°”λ ˆ 증후ꡰ(Guillian-BarrΓ© syndrome, GBS)μ΄λ‚˜ λ§Œμ„±μ—Όμ¦νƒˆμˆ˜μ΄ˆλ‹€λ°œμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦(chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, CIDP), IgM paraproteinemia with positive anti-myelin associated glycoprotein antibodies, λ‹€μ΄ˆμ²¨μš΄λ™μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦(multifocal motor neuropathy) λ“±κ³Ό 같은 λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 척도듀이 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄ 치료효과λ₯Ό νŒμ •ν•˜λŠ” μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€[6-12]. λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½μ§ˆν™˜μ€ κ°κ°μ΄λ‚˜ μš΄λ™κΈ°λŠ₯ μƒμ‹€λ‘œ 인해 μΌμƒμƒν™œ λ˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμƒν™œμ˜ μ œν•œμ„ μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜κ³ , 결과적으둜 ν™˜μž 개인의 μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¨λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆν™˜μ— μ˜ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ¬Ό(outcome)을 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ λ°˜μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 척도λ₯Ό 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μ— 맞게 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ‹ λ’°μ„± μžˆλŠ” 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜κ³  λ‹€λ₯Έ 결과와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμ΄λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μž„μƒμ—μ„œλ„ ν™˜μžμ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ—¬ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ³€κ²½ λ˜λŠ” μœ μ§€λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, 재발 λ˜λŠ” μ•…ν™”λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 데 주관성을 μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ λ°°μ œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ μ ˆν•œ μž„μƒ 척도λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μ΅œμ„ μ˜ μž„μƒ 척도가 되기 μœ„ν•œ 쑰건은 μž„μƒ λ˜λŠ” μ‹œν—˜μ— μ μš©ν•˜κΈ° κ°„νŽΈν•˜κ³  μ‹œκ°„ μ†Œμš”κ°€ 적으며(simplicity), ꡬ해진 μž„μƒ 척도값을 λ‹€λ₯Έ μž„μƒμ˜/μ—°κ΅¬μžκ°€ μ‰½κ²Œ 이해할 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€(communicability). λ˜ν•œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” μž„μƒ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό 잘 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 값이어야 ν•˜λ©°(즉, μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 값에 μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 값을 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” 척도여야 ν•œλ‹€) (validity), μΈ‘μ • μ‹œμ μ΄λ‚˜ μΈ‘μ •μžμ— 상관없이 κ·Έ 값이 μΌμ •ν•œ μž¬ν˜„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 높은(reliability) 척도가 이상적이닀. μž„μƒ μ²™λ„λŠ” μ‹€μ œ λ³‘μ˜ μ§„ν–‰μ—λŠ” λ―Όκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΉ„νŠΉμ΄μ  μ¦μƒμ˜ λ³€λ™μ—λŠ” μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”(responsiveness) μ§€ν‘œκ°€ λ°”λžŒμ§ν•˜λ‹€. 이와 같은 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό 잘 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ” μž„μƒ 척도λ₯Ό μ§ˆν™˜ 및 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μ— 맞게 μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 β€˜μž„μƒκ³„μΈ‘(clinimetrics)’이라 μΌμ»«λŠ”λ‹€[13]. μž„μƒ 및 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½μ§ˆν™˜μ— μ˜ν•œ 결과물을 평가할 λ•Œμ—λŠ” μž„μƒκ³„μΈ‘ν‰κ°€κ°€ 이루어진 κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•©λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μ‹€μ œμ μœΌλ‘œ 적용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 척도λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ°”λžŒμ§ν•˜λ‹€.
1980λ…„ World Health Organization (WHO)은 κ°œλ³„ μ§ˆν™˜μ— μ˜ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH)λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€[14]. ICIDHλͺ¨λΈμ€ μ§ˆλ³‘ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 병리(pathology), 손상(impairment), μž₯μ• (disability) 및 ν•Έλ””μΊ‘(handicap)의 닀쀑 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μΈ‘μ •ν•  것을 μΆ”μ²œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ³‘λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜ν•™μ  κ΄€μ μ˜ ꡬ쑰적 병변을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λ©°, 손상은 병변에 μ˜ν•œ μž„μƒμ , λ³‘νƒœμƒλ¦¬μ  이상을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. μž₯μ• λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘ 이전에 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ˜ μΌμƒμƒν™œλŠ₯λ ₯의 μ œν•œ λ˜λŠ” μ†Œμ‹€λ‘œ, 핸디캑은 μž₯μ• μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— μ˜ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯μ œν•œ λ˜λŠ” μΉ¨ν•΄λ₯Ό λœ»ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°œλ…μ˜ μ •μ˜μ΄λ‹€[14]. μž„μƒ 척도 κ΄€λ ¨ WHO λΆ„λ₯˜λŠ” 2001λ…„ International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)둜 κ°œμ •λ˜μ–΄ ν™˜μž 개인적인 μš”μ†Œμ™€ μ£Όμœ„ν™˜κ²½μ˜ 영ν–₯ λ“± 보닀 닀면적인 μš”μΈμ— μ˜ν•œ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 결과값을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€[15]. ICFλŠ” μ§ˆν™˜μ— μ˜ν•΄ 손상을 λ°›λŠ” λ²”μ£Όλ₯Ό 신체기λŠ₯ 및 ꡬ쑰(body function, body structure), ν™œλ™(activities) 및 μ°Έμ—¬(participation)둜 크게 3μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆλ‹€. 정상에 λΉ„ν•΄ 신체기λŠ₯ 및 ꡬ쑰가 μ œν•œλ˜λŠ” 경우λ₯Ό 손상(impairment)으둜 μ •μ˜ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μΌμƒμƒν™œμ„ μ˜μœ„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것을 β€˜ν™œλ™(activities)β€™μœΌλ‘œ, μ‚¬νšŒμƒν™œμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 β€˜μ°Έμ—¬(participation)’라 ν•˜μ—¬ 각각 1980년도 λΆ„λ₯˜μ˜ β€˜μž₯애’와 β€˜ν•Έλ””μΊ‘β€™ κ°œλ…μ„ λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€[15]. ICFλͺ¨λΈμ€ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό ν™˜κ²½μ  μš”μΈ(μ‚¬νšŒμ  λΆ„μœ„κΈ°, 법과 μ œλ„ λ“±)κ³Ό 개인적 μš”μ†Œ(μ„±, λ‚˜μ΄, μƒν™œμŠ΅κ΄€, μœ„κΈ° λŒ€μ²˜ μ„±ν–₯, ꡐ윑, μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ²½ν—˜, λ°°κ²½ λ“±)κ°€ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— μ˜ν•œ 결과물에 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆμŒμ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이밖에도 ν™˜μž 개인이 윑체적, κΈ°λŠ₯적, 심리적 및 μ‚¬νšŒμ  λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λŠλΌλŠ” μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 변화도 μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄ 개인의 삢에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²°κ³Όκ°’μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜μ˜λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€[15].
λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½μ§ˆν™˜μ—μ„œ μ μ ˆν•œ μž„μƒ 척도λ₯Ό 찾을 λ•ŒλŠ” μš°μ„ μ μœΌλ‘œ 보고자 ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©μ μ΄ ICFλͺ¨λΈμ˜ μ–΄λ–€ λΆ„λ₯˜μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ¨Όμ € ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ , μž„μƒκ³„μΈ‘μ—μ„œ νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ μž„μƒ μ²™λ„μž„μ΄ ν™•μΈλœ μž„μƒ 척도λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 κΆŒκ³ λœλ‹€.
λ³Έ 쒅섀은 개개의 λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½μ§ˆν™˜μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³ , μž„μƒκ³„μΈ‘ν‰κ°€μ—μ„œ κ·Έ μ μ ˆμ„±μ΄ 비ꡐ적 μΈμ •λœ 척도λ₯Ό ICFλͺ¨λΈμ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ³ , λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μž„μƒ μ²™λ„λ“€μ˜ λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό 차이점듀을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 일뢀 ICFλͺ¨λΈμ— μ˜ν•΄ λͺ…ν™•νžˆ κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 척도듀은 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ˜ λ°˜μ˜λ„κ°€ μš°μ„Έν•œ 츑면에 따라 μž„μ˜λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ •λ¦¬ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½μ§ˆν™˜μ—μ„œ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μž„μƒ μ²™λ„λŠ” μΆ”ν›„ λ”°λ‘œ λ…Όμ˜λ  μ˜ˆμ •μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έ μ›κ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” μ œμ™Έν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 끝으둜 λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μž„μƒ μ²™λ„λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ‚˜, λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ—μ„œ μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ²™λ„λ‘œ 개발된 μž„μƒ 척도도 κ°„λž΅ν•˜κ²Œ λ³Έ 원고에 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ›κ³ λŠ” 2005λ…„ λ³Έ ν•™νšŒμ§€μ— λ°œκ°„λœ λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μž„μƒ 척도에 κ΄€ν•œ 쒅섀을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 2021년도 κ°œμ •νŒμ΄λ‹€[16].
λ³Έ λ‘ 
λ³Έ λ‘ 
1. 손상을 주둜 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도
1. 손상을 주둜 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도

1) 증상을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도: Neurological Symptoms Scale (NSS), Neuropathy Symptoms Profile (NSP)

1) 증상을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도: Neurological Symptoms Scale (NSS), Neuropathy Symptoms Profile (NSP)

NSS와 NSPλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μž„μƒμ¦μƒμ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ Dyck [1]에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. NSSλŠ” 8ν•­λͺ©μ˜ μš΄λ™, 5ν•­λͺ©μ˜ 감각 및 4ν•­λͺ©μ˜ μžμœ¨μ‹ κ²½κ³„ 신경학적 증상을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 총 17ν•­λͺ©μœΌλ‘œ 이루어져 있으며 각 ν•­λͺ©μ˜ 이상이 μ‘΄μž¬μ‹œ 1점을 λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³  ν•©μ‚°ν•˜μ—¬ κ³„μ‚°ν•œλ‹€(Appendix 1). 각 ν•­λͺ©μ€ 잘 ν›ˆλ ¨λœ μ‹ κ²½κ³Όμ˜μ‚¬μ— μ˜ν•œ 신경학적 병λ ₯청취에 μ˜ν•΄ μž‘μ„±λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€[5]. NSPλŠ” 감각 및 μš΄λ™μ¦μƒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ „μ‹ μ¦μƒκΉŒμ§€ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 총 40ν•­μ˜ μ„€λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λ©° ν™˜μž 슀슀둜 긍정과 λΆ€μ •μ˜ 닡변을 μž‘μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Ό μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‘œ 처리 λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. νŠΉμ • μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 이상을 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ„ΈλΆ€ μž„μƒμ¦μƒμ˜ ν•­λͺ©λ“€μ— 따라 νŠΉμ„±ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 척도라고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€[17]. 이 외에도 μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μ„ λ³„κ²€μ‚¬λ„κ΅¬λ‘œ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€[18]. 이 두 μ²™λ„λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦ 병λ ₯의 포괄적인 평가에 μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 검사이며 비ꡐ적 였래 μ „λΆ€ν„° μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 적정성과 신뒰성을 널리 인정받고 μžˆλ‹€[1,3,5,19-21]. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 증상은 λ³‘μ˜ μƒνƒœμ™€ μ§„ν–‰ 및 치료 λ°˜μ‘κ³Ό 항상 μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμœΌλ©° 였히렀 병이 심화될 λ•Œ 증상은 μ‚¬λΌμ§„λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜ μ‹ κ²½μ˜ μž¬μƒμ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ— 였히렀 증상이 μ•…ν™”λ˜λŠ” λ“±μ˜ μƒλ°˜λœ κ²½μš°λ„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—[22-24] 이듀 증상 μ²™λ„λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ λ³‘μ˜ 단계λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 데 λͺ…λ°±ν•œ ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 증상 μ²™λ„λŠ” λŒ€κ°œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 객관적 척도와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ΄μš©λ˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ NSP의 경우 μ‹€μ œ μž„μƒμ—μ„œμ˜ μ μš©ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 컴퓨터 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ κ΅¬λΉ„λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©° μƒλ‹Ήν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” 문제점이 μžˆλ‹€. NSSλŠ” 당뇨신경병, μœ μ „μ„± λŒ€μ‚¬μ§ˆν™˜ λ˜λŠ” κ²°μ²΄μ‘°μ§μ§ˆν™˜κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λœ μ‹ κ²½λ³‘λ“€μ˜ 감각 μš°μ„Έμ„± μΆ•μ‚­μ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μ§„λ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜μ— μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ³ [21,25-29] NSPλŠ” Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Studyμ—μ„œ NSS와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ΄μš©λ˜λŠ” λ“± 주둜 λ‹Ήλ‡¨μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 연ꡬ에 이용된 λ°” μžˆλ‹€[3,17,21].

2) μ§•ν›„λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도: Neurologic Disability Score (NDS)

2) μ§•ν›„λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도: Neurologic Disability Score (NDS)

증상에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μ§•ν›„λŠ” 객관적이고 μ•ˆμ •μ μ΄λ©° λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³‘μ˜ μƒνƒœλ‚˜ μ§„ν–‰μ˜ 츑정에 더 일관성을 보인닀. NDSλŠ” 신경학적 검사에 μ˜ν•΄ μΈ‘μ •λ˜λŠ” μš΄λ™, 감각 및 λ°˜μ‚¬κΈ°λŠ₯의 평가 ν•­λͺ©μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ κ°–μΆ”κ³  있으며 특히 λ‡Œμ‹ κ²½ ν•­λͺ©μ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ 있고 κ·Όλ ₯검사도 호흑근, μƒν•˜μ§€ μ›μœ„λΆ€ κ·Όμœ„λΆ€μ— 걸쳐 μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”λ˜μ–΄ 총 35ν•­λͺ©μœΌλ‘œ 이루어져 μžˆλ‹€[1,18]. λ˜ν•œ 각 ν•­λͺ©μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ μˆ˜λ„ μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”λ˜μ–΄ μš΄λ™ κΈ°λŠ₯은 4단계 감각기λŠ₯은 3λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ μ°¨λ“± μ μˆ˜ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ κ³„μ‚°ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€(Appendix 2). NDSλŠ” 잘 ν›ˆλ ¨λœ μ‹ κ²½κ³Όμ˜μ‚¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ μΈ‘μ •λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ 쒋은 μž¬ν˜„μ„±μ„ 보인닀[3,18]. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 점으둜 인해 NDSλŠ” μ›μœ„λΆ€λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Όμœ„λΆ€ κ·Όμœ„μ•½μ΄λ‚˜ λ‡Œμ‹ κ²½ 침범이 λΉˆλ²ˆν•˜κ³  경과에 따라 큰 변동을 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ—μ„œ μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ 이용될 수 μžˆλ‹€[2]. λ˜ν•œ 일반적으둜 μΆ•μ‚­μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ κΈΈμ΄μ˜μ‘΄μ„±μ›μœ„λΆ€ λ‹Ήλ‡¨μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ—μ„œλ„ 이전뢀터 많이 μ΄μš©λ˜μ–΄μ™”λ‹€[2,3,21,29]. μ΄λŠ” San Antonio Conference [30]μ—μ„œ λ‹Ήλ‡¨μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν•„μš” ν•­λͺ©μœΌλ‘œ 신경전도검사, μ •λŸ‰μ  감각검사 외에 μž„μƒ μ†Œκ²¬μœΌλ‘œ NSS와 NDS의 이상을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λ„ NSS와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 당뇨 연ꡬ λ¬Έν—Œμ—μ„œ λ‹Ήλ‡¨μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μ •μ˜λΆ€λΆ„μ— 자주 이용되고 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ NDS, NSS μ²™λ„λŠ” μ „κΈ°μƒλ¦¬ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 비골신경 및 비볡신경 진폭 크기뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 신경병리 μ†Œκ²¬κ³Όλ„ 쒋은 상관관계λ₯Ό λ³΄μž„μ΄ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μž₯점이 μžˆλ‹€[20]. μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” NSS와 NDS의 νŽΈμ΄μ„±μ„ 높이기 μœ„ν•΄ λ‹¨μˆœν™”λœ ν•­λͺ©μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 당뇨신경병증에 λŒ€ν•œ μœ μ‚¬ 척도가 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°[19,22,31,32] μ—„λ°€νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ 이듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ NSS와 NDSμ—μ„œ λ³€ν˜•λœ 척도라고 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이듀 당뇨신경병증 특이 μ²™λ„λŠ” λ‹Ήλ‡¨μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μž„μƒ 척도 λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜λ  것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이 κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ” μƒλž΅ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. 이 외에도 NDSλŠ” μ΄μ „μ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ—μ„œ μ΄μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λŠ 척도에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ 적정성, ν™•μ‹€μ„± 및 μœ νš¨μ„±μ„ κ²€μ¦λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” μž₯점이 μžˆλ‹€[1,3,5,20,21]. λ˜ν•œ 이듀 척도λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜ 결과의 해석에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ΄μ „μ˜ 이듀 척도에 μ˜ν•΄ μ‹œν–‰λœ 연ꡬ듀과 μƒν˜Έ 비ꡐ할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μž₯점이 μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ NDS μ—­μ‹œ 검사항λͺ©μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”λ˜μ–΄ κ²€μ‚¬μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κΈΈμ–΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” 단점이 있으며, λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ— μœ μš©ν•œλ° λΉ„ν•΄ 감각 μš°μ„Έμ„± μ›μœ„λΆ€ μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ΄λ‚˜ λ―Έμ„Έν•œ κ°κ°μ¦μƒλ§Œμ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 초기의 μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ ν‰κ°€μ—λŠ” λ―Όκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 약점이 μžˆλ‹€[22]. λΆ€μ—°ν•˜λ©΄ NSSλŠ” 민감도λ₯Ό NDSλŠ” νŠΉμ΄λ„λ₯Ό 더 μ€‘μ‹œν•œ μ²™λ„λ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€[5]. NDSλŠ” μ‹€μ œ μž„μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 이용되고 μžˆλŠ” μ²™λ„λ‘œ 당뇨신경병증, λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦, μœ μ „μ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦, μ˜μ–‘μ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦ 및 κ²°μ²΄μ‘°μ§μ§ˆν™˜κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λœ μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ—μ„œ 전체 ν•­λͺ© λ˜λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„ νƒλœ ν•­λͺ©λ“€μ΄ μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€[2,3,21,25-29,33-37].

3) νŠΉμ • 증상 및 μ§•ν›„λ§Œ μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도: Medical Research Council (MRC) Sum Score, Neuropathy Impairment Scale (NIS), Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Sensory Sum Score

3) νŠΉμ • 증상 및 μ§•ν›„λ§Œ μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도: Medical Research Council (MRC) Sum Score, Neuropathy Impairment Scale (NIS), Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Sensory Sum Score

손상을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 척도 μ€‘μ—μ„œλŠ” μš΄λ™ λ˜λŠ” 감각 μ†μƒλ§Œμ„ μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 척도듀도 μžˆλ‹€. NDS의 λͺ¨λ“  ν•­λͺ©μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ λ„ 감각 λ˜λŠ” μš΄λ™λ§Œ μ„ λ³„ν•œ μš”μ•½λœ 척도가 λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œλ°˜μ‘μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μž„μƒ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.
μš΄λ™λŠ₯λ ₯λ§Œμ„ μ„ λ³„ν•˜μ—¬ ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μ²™λ„λ‘œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 것은 MRC Sums Score와 NIS의 μš΄λ™ λΆ€λΆ„(motor subscale)을 λ”°μ˜¨ 척도이닀[3,6-8,38]. μœ„ 두 μ²™λ„λŠ” κΈΈλž‘-λ°”λ ˆ 증후ꡰ 및 λ§Œμ„±μ—Όμ¦νƒˆμˆ˜μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μž„μƒ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μž„μƒν‰κ°€ μ²™λ„λ‘œμ„œ ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯성이 μž…μ¦λœ λ°” μžˆλ‹€. MRC Sum ScoreλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œλœ μš΄λ™ μ²™λ„λ‘œ μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ–‘μΈ‘ 6κ³³(νŒ”λ²Œλ¦Ό, νŒ”κΏˆμΉ˜κ΅½νž˜, 손λͺ©μ‹ μ „, μ—‰λ©μ΄κ΅½νž˜, λ¬΄λ¦Žμ‹ μ „, λ°œλ“±κ΅½νž˜)μ—μ„œ MRC 등급을 μΈ‘μ •ν•΄ λͺ¨λ‘ λ”ν•˜λŠ” κ°’μœΌλ‘œ 0(μ™„μ „λ§ˆλΉ„)λΆ€ν„° 60(정상)κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 값을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€(Appendix 3) [6-8]. λ‹€μ΄ˆμ²¨μš΄λ™μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 경우 말단 μœ„μ•½μ΄ 주둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³ , 증상이 λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­μ μž„μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ νŠΉμ§•μ μœΌλ‘œ 잘 μΉ¨λ²”λ˜λŠ” κ·Όμœ‘μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 14κ³³(μ–‘μΈ‘ νŒ”λ²Œλ¦Ό, νŒ”κΏˆμΉ˜μ‹ μ „ 및 ꡽힘, 손λͺ©μ‹ μ „ 및 ꡽힘, 손가락 μ‹ μ „ 및 ꡽힘, μ—„μ§€λ²Œλ¦Ό, μƒˆλΌλ²Œλ¦Ό, μ—‰λ©μ΄κ΅½νž˜, λ¬΄λ¦Žμ‹ μ „ 및 ꡽힘, λ°œλ“±κ΅½νž˜, 발λͺ©λ°œλ°”λ‹₯μͺ½κ΅½νž˜)μ—μ„œ MRC 등급을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ λ”ν•˜λŠ” ν™•μž₯ν˜• MRC Sum Scoreλ₯Ό λŒ€μ‹  μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€[39].
MRC Sum Scoreκ°€ μ œμ‹œλœ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ‹œμ μ— λ―Έκ΅­ Mayo 클리닉은 NIS (motor 및 sensory subscale)λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€[3,38]. NIS Motor Subscaleμ—μ„œλŠ” MRC Score보닀 κ²½ν•œ μœ„μ•½ 등급을 μ’€ 더 ꡬ체적으둜 λ‚˜λˆˆ 것이 νŠΉμ§•μœΌλ‘œ, κ·Όλ ₯ μœ„μ•½μ„ 0=정상, 1=25% μœ„μ•½, 2=50% μœ„μ•½, 3=75% μœ„μ•½, 3.25=쀑λ ₯에 μ €ν•­ν•˜λŠ” μ›€μ§μž„μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯, 3.75=꿈질거릴 수 있음(flicker), 4=μ™„μ „ λ§ˆλΉ„(paralyzed) 7λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆλ‹€. μ–‘μΈ‘ 6κ³³(νŒ”λ²Œλ¦Ό, νŒ”κΏˆμΉ˜κ΅½νž˜, 손λͺ©μ‹ μ „, μ—‰λ©μ΄κ΅½νž˜, λ¬΄λ¦Žμ‹ μ „, λ°œλ“±κ΅½νž˜)μ—μ„œ 등급을 λ§€κΈ°μ–΄ 이λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ λ”ν•œ 값을 κ΅¬ν•˜λ©°, μš΄λ™ 손상이 μ—†λŠ” 0점뢀터 κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬ν•œ μš΄λ™ 손상을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 48μ κΉŒμ§€ 값을 κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λœλ‹€(Appendix 4). λ‹€μ΄ˆμ²¨μš΄λ™μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 경우 ν™•μž₯ν˜• MRC Sum Score와 λ™μΌν•œ λΆ€μœ„ 즉 μ–‘μΈ‘ 14κ³³μ—μ„œ NIS 등급을 κ΅¬ν•˜μ—¬ 더해 ν‰κ°€ν•œλ‹€.
κ·Έ μ™Έ vigorimeterλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 고무 볼을 μ₯μ–΄μ§œλŠ” νž˜μ„ manometer둜 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ kilopascal (0-160λ²”μ£Ό)둜 기둝, κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μ•…λ ₯을 μΈ‘μ •ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ κ·Όλ ₯μ €ν•˜ 정도λ₯Ό 평가할 수 μžˆλ‹€[9].
μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ 감각 μ†μƒμ˜ 손상 정도λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° ν•΄μ„œ INCAT Sensory Sum Score, NIS Sensory Subscale이 ν”νžˆ μ΄μš©λœλ‹€[3,10,38,40]. INCAT Sensory Sum ScoreλŠ” 톡증, 진동감각 외에 두 점 식별감각항λͺ©μ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜λ©° 정상 0μ μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬ν•œ 4μ κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 단계λ₯Ό 5ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ ν•©μ‚°ν•˜μ—¬ 0μ—μ„œ 20μ κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 점수λ₯Ό λ§€κΈ΄λ‹€[10]. 톡증(pinprick)κ³Ό 진동감각을 νŒ”κ³Ό λ‹€λ¦¬μ˜ κ·Όμœ„λΆ€μ™€ μ›μœ„λΆ€μ—μ„œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 이상이 κ΄€μ°°λ˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ κ·Όμœ„λΆ€μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 점수λ₯Ό λ§€κΈ°κ³ , 여기에 μ§‘κ²Œμ†κ°€λ½μ—μ„œ 두 점 식별감각 이상 μœ λ¬΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 점수λ₯Ό 더해 μΈ‘μ •ν•œλ‹€. 졜초 κ³ μ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ INCAT Sensory Sum Score의 경우 촉감과 κ΄€μ ˆμœ„μΉ˜κ°κ°ν‰κ°€λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ 감각 μ „μ²΄μ˜ 포괄적인 평가가 이루어지지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” λΉ„νŒμ„ λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. 이에 촉감과 κ΄€μ ˆμœ„μΉ˜κ°κ°ν‰κ°€μ™€ ꡬ체적인 두 점 식별감각 이상 점수 μ •μ˜κ°€ ν¬ν•¨λœ κ°œμ • INCAT Sensory Sum Scoreκ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€[40]. 촉감은 λ©΄λ΄‰μœΌλ‘œ, 톡증은 면봉을 λΆ€λŸ¬λœ¨λ¦° 것을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 진동감은 Rydel-Seiffer 64 Hz νŠœλ‹ν¬ν¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©, κ΄€μ ˆμœ„μΉ˜κ°κ°μ€ μ§‘κ²Œμ†κ°€λ½ λ˜λŠ” μ—„μ§€λ°œκ°€λ½ μ›μœ„κ°€λ½λΌˆμ‚¬μ΄κ΄€μ ˆ(distal interphalangeal joints)μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ ˆλΆ€μœ„λ₯Ό κ³ μ •ν•˜κ³  μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 두 점 식별감각 이상은 sliding aesthesiometerλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 우츑 μ§‘κ²Œ μ†κ°€λ½μ—μ„œ μΈ‘μ •, λ‚˜μ΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 정상값을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν‰κ°€ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€[41]. κ°œμ • INCAT Sensory Sum ScoreλŠ” 0점(정상)μ—μ„œ 33점(κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬ν•œ 감각 손상) 범주값을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€.
INCAT Sensory Sum Score와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œ λ―Έκ΅­ Mayo Clinicμ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ Neuropathy Impairment Sensory Subscale은 촉각, 톡증, 진동감각과 κ΄€μ ˆμœ„μΉ˜κ°κ°μ„ μ μˆ˜ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³  λ”ν•œλ‹€(Appendix 5) [3,38]. 촉각, 톡증, 진동감각은 μ–‘μΈ‘ μ§‘κ²Œμ†κ°€λ½ λ˜λŠ” μ—„μ§€λ°œκ°€λ½ λ“±μͺ½ 손톱 λ˜λŠ” λ°œν†± μ•„λž˜λΆ€λΆ„(base of nail)μ—μ„œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ©°, κΈ΄ μ„¬μœ μ˜ νƒˆμ§€λ©΄, 곧은 ν•€, 165 Hz νŠœλ‹ν¬ν¬λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œλ‹€. κ΄€μ ˆμœ„μΉ˜κ°κ°μ€ μ–‘μΈ‘ μ§‘κ²Œμ†κ°€λ½ λ˜λŠ” μ—„μ§€λ°œκ°€λ½ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ§ˆλ””(terminal phalanx)μ—μ„œ ν™•μΈν•œλ‹€. 각 ν•­λͺ©μ€ 0=정상, 1=κ°κ°μ €ν•˜, 2=감각 μ†Œμ‹€λ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜λ©°, 이 λ•Œ κ²€μ‚¬μžλŠ” 해뢀학적 λΆ€μœ„, μ„±, λ‚˜μ΄, λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œ, 신체적 κ±΄κ°•μƒνƒœλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. Neuropathy Impairment Sensory Subscale은 정상 감각을 0점으둜 κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬ν•œ 감각 이상을 32점으둜 ν‘œκΈ°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

4) μž„μƒ-검사싀 볡합 척도: Total Neuropathy Scale

4) μž„μƒ-검사싀 볡합 척도: Total Neuropathy Scale

Total Neuropathy Scale은 μž„μƒ μ†Œκ²¬λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 기본적인 검사싀 μ†Œκ²¬μ„ μ’…ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” μ²™λ„λ‘œ μ—„λ°€νžˆ λ§ν•΄μ„œ μž„μƒ μ²™λ„λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  λ³€ν˜• 볡합 척도라고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 주둜 ν•­μ•” μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€ μ—°κ΄€λœ μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ΄λ‚˜ λ…μ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 쒅적인 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°[42,43] μ›λž˜ μ›μœ„μ„± μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ λ°˜μ˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ κ³ μ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ° NDSλ‚˜ NSS와 같은 기쑴의 척도와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ 적정성이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€[44]. μš΄λ™, 감각, μžμœ¨μ‹ κ²½κ³„, 및 λ°˜μ‚¬ κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό μ •λŸ‰μ  감각검사, 신경전도검사 μ†Œκ²¬μ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜λ©° μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” 검사싀 μ†Œκ²¬μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•œ μΆ•μ†Œν˜•μ΄ μ†Œκ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€[44,45]. λ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ νƒˆμˆ˜μ΄ˆμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ—μ„œ μœ μš©μ„±μ΄ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 점과 기본적으둜 신경전도검사와 μ •λŸ‰μ  감각검사와 같은 κ²€μ‚¬μ‹€κ²€μ‚¬μ˜ 병행이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 점이 μžˆλ‹€[44].
2. μΌμƒμƒν™œλŠ₯λ ₯(activities)을 주둜 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도
2. μΌμƒμƒν™œλŠ₯λ ₯(activities)을 주둜 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도

1) Neuropathy Disability Scale, Overall Disability Sum Score (ODSS)

1) Neuropathy Disability Scale, Overall Disability Sum Score (ODSS)

치료제의 효과 νŒλ‹¨μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 손상과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μ΅œμ’…μ  μž₯μ• λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμœΌλ―€λ‘œ 특히 μž₯μ•  μ²™λ„λŠ” λ§Œμ„± μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ 많이 μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ΄λ‹€[46]. 이전에 개발된 μž₯μ•  척도 쀑에 Neuropathy Disability Scale은 κΈ‰μ„± λ‹€λ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ— λŒ€ν•œ prednisone의 효과λ₯Ό 보기 μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€[47]. 총 6λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ 있으며 ν™˜μž 슀슀둜 μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 있고 μ „ν™”μƒμœΌλ‘œλ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 비ꡐ적 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  νŽΈλ¦¬ν•œ 척도이닀[47]. λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜[4,48,49]뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 당뇨신경병증 연ꡬ[3]에도 μ΄μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μœΌλ‚˜ Neuropathy Disability Scale은 μ„œμˆ˜(ordinal number)의 μ²™λ„μž„μ— λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  각 λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ ꡬ뢄이 λ‹€μ†Œ 뢈λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ³  μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 적정성을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μ—†μœΌλ©° 기쑴의 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯적 μž₯μ•  척도듀과 λΉ„κ΅λœ 연ꡬ가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 단점이 μ œκΈ°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€[7,50].
μ΅œκ·Όμ— INCAT Group이 κ°œλ°œν•œ ODSS [12]λŠ” 상지 5단계 ν•˜μ§€ 7λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ 총 0단계(정상)μ—μ„œ 12단계(μ΅œλŒ€ μž₯μ• )κΉŒμ§€λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μž₯μ•  μ²™λ„λ‘œ 상지 ν•˜μ§€λ³„ 평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ¬Έμ§„ ν›„ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ²€μ‚¬μžκ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ μž₯μ• μ˜ 정도에 따라 λ‹¨κ³„ν™”ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ΄μ›μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€(Appendix 6). μƒμ§€μ—μ„œλŠ” 주둜 의, 식에 κ΄€κ³„λœ ν™œλ™μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯, 특히 λ„κ΅¬μ˜ μ΄μš©μ„ ν•˜μ§€μ—μ„œλŠ” 주둜 λ³΄ν–‰μ˜ μž₯μ•  μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ”λ° 초점이 λ§žμΆ”μ–΄μ Έ 있으며 기쑴의 포괄적인 μž₯μ•  척도인 Guy’s Neurological Disability [51]의 ν•­λͺ© μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ„ λ³„ν•˜μ—¬ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 기쑴의 μž₯μ•  척도와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ 적정성과 신뒰성이 ν™•μΈλœ 척도이며 특히 λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ— μœ μš©ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μš΄λ™ μ˜μ—­μ˜ μž₯μ• λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€[12].
이 외에도 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§ˆν™˜μ—μ„œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ Rankin Scale [52]κ³Ό Hugh’s Functional Grading Scale (f score) [7]이 μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μž₯μ•  츑정에도 이용되고 있으며 주둜 μš΄λ™ 및 λ³΄ν–‰μ˜ 츑면을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒμ§€μ˜ μž₯μ•  반영이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 단점이 μžˆλ‹€[47,52]. λ˜ν•œ Nine-Hole Peg (Dexterity) Test와 Ten-Meters Walking (Ambulatory) Test와 같은 μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œ κ΅­μ†Œμ μΈ μž₯μ• λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 척도가 μžˆλ‹€[8,53].
3. μ‚¬νšŒ μ°Έμ—¬ λŠ₯λ ₯(participation)을 주둜 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도
3. μ‚¬νšŒ μ°Έμ—¬ λŠ₯λ ₯(participation)을 주둜 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도
μ‚¬νšŒ μ°Έμ—¬ μ •λ„λ§Œμ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ°Έμ—¬ 특이 μ²™λ„λŠ” 맀우 λ“œλ¬Έλ° μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œλ‹€λ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ— μ˜ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό 특이적으둜 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” Rotterdam 9-Item Handicap Scale이 μ†Œκ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Appendix 7) [54]. 이 μ—­μ‹œ INCAT Groupμ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 9ν•­λͺ©μ˜ 질문으둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ 비ꡐ적 κ°„νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ 이용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³  WHOμ—μ„œ ꢌμž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ°Έμ—¬μ˜ 평가 ν•­λͺ©λ“€μ„ 적절히 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 특히 염증성신경병을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 적정성 신뒰성이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μž₯점이 μžˆλ‹€[54]. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬νšŒ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ꡬ체적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έν•­λͺ©λ“€μ΄ μ„œκ΅¬ 쀑산측 μ‚¬νšŒμƒμ„ λͺ¨λΈλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ™μ–‘μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ μƒν™œν™˜κ²½κ³Ό 동떨어진 사항이 λ§Žμ•„ 이λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 문화적 차이λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ μˆ˜μ •μ΄ λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ„œκ΅¬ 이외 λ¬Έν™”κΆŒμ—μ„œμ˜ 이의 적용 κ°€λŠ₯성은 μ˜λ¬Έμ‹œλ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.
μ‚¬νšŒ μ°Έμ—¬ 특이 μ²™λ„λΌκ³ λŠ” ν•  수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ 이와 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μ‚Άμ˜ 질(quality of life)에 λŒ€ν•œ 척도듀도 μžˆλ‹€. λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ—μ„œ 주둜 μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μ²™λ„λ‘œλŠ” 36 Items Short Form (SF-36) [55-57] 척도와 μœ μ „μ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 연ꡬ에 이용된 Sickness Impact Profile 척도[58]κ°€ 있으며 SF-36은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ μ²™λ„μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” μƒλž΅ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν•œλ‹€.
4. 기타 μ˜ˆν›„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ 척도
4. 기타 μ˜ˆν›„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ 척도

1) Erasmus GBS Outcome Scale, Modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Scale, Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Scale (EGRIS)

1) Erasmus GBS Outcome Scale, Modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Scale, Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Scale (EGRIS)

μ§ˆλ³‘ λ°œμƒ ν›„ 급성기에 μž₯, 단기 μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 척도가 λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦ 특히, κΈΈλž‘-λ°”λ ˆ μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄ μž„μƒ 및 μ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ 이용되고 μžˆλ‹€. Erasmus GBS Outcome Scale 즉, μž…μ› 2μ£Ό ν›„ λ°œλ³‘ λ‚˜μ΄, 4μ£Ό 이내 섀사 병λ ₯, GBS Disability Scoreλ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  λ°œλ³‘ 6κ°œμ›” 이후 보행 κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 있음이 μ†Œκ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€[59]. 이후 μ’€ 더 쑰기에 ν™˜μžμ˜ μ˜ˆν›„ 예츑이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ Modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Scale도 μ œμ‹œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ°œλ³‘ λ‚˜μ΄, μ„ ν–‰ 섀사 병λ ₯ 유무, MRC Sum Scoreλ₯Ό μž…μ› 당일 λ˜λŠ” μž…μ› 7일 λ’€ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ κ³„μ‚°ν•œ Modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Scale둜 4μ£Ό, 3κ°œμ›”, 6κ°œμ›” λ’€ 독립 보행이 μ–΄λ €μšΈ(도움 없이 10λ―Έν„° 이상을 κ±·μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” GBS Disability Score 3점 이상) ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€[60].
κΈΈλž‘-λ°”λ ˆ μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ—μ„œ λ™λ°˜λ˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 큰 합병증인 ν˜Έν‘λ§ˆλΉ„λŠ” μ’‹μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ˜ˆν›„μ™€ μ—°κ΄€λ˜λ©°, 이λ₯Ό 쑰기에 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ 개발된 EGRIS도 μž„μƒμ—μ„œ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€(Appendix 8) [61]. μ΄λŠ” λ°œλ³‘λΆ€ν„° μž…μ› μ‹œκΉŒμ§€ κ±Έλ¦° κΈ°κ°„(일), μ•ˆλ©΄ 및 μ—°μˆ˜λ§ˆλΉ„ 유무, μž…μ› λ‹Ήμ‹œ MRC Sum Scoreλ₯Ό 더해 0점뢀터 7μ κΉŒμ§€ 점수λ₯Ό 맀기게 되며, 5점 이상인 경우 ν˜Έν‘λ§ˆλΉ„λ‘œ μΈν•œ 기계 ν™˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•  μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€.
κ²° λ‘ 
κ²° λ‘ 
λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ²˜λŸΌ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μš΄λ™, 감각, μžμœ¨μ‹ κ²½, λ°˜μ‚¬κΈ°λŠ₯ 및 이차성 λΉ„νŠΉμ΄μ  증상듀이 λ°œμƒν•˜λ©° μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ 병인에 μ˜ν•΄ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆν™˜κ΅°μ—μ„œ μž„μƒκ³„μΈ‘ν‰κ°€μ—μ„œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 단일 μ²™λ„λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ°¨μ„ μ˜ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 기쑴의 연ꡬ듀은 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μ„ μ„±μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 관심 μžˆλŠ” ν•­λͺ©μ„ λ―Όκ°ν•˜κ³  νŠΉμ΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ—¬ μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.
λ³Έ 쒅섀을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ NSSλ‚˜ NDS 같은 기쑴의 척도 이외에 λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ μž„μƒ μ²™λ„λŠ” 크게 두 λΆ€λ₯˜κ°€ μ΄μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ”λ° λ‹Ήλ‡¨μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€ν‘œλ˜λŠ” 좕삭성신경병증에 μ ν•©ν•œ 척도듀과 GBSλ‚˜ CIDP둜 λŒ€ν‘œλ˜λŠ” λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ— λŒ€ν•œ 척도듀이 그듀이닀. 이 두 μ§ˆν™˜κ΅°μ€ 병인, μž„μƒμ  νŠΉμ§•, λ³‘μ˜ μ§„ν–‰ 및 치료 νš¨κ³Όλ©΄μ—μ„œ 큰 차이가 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 각 μ§ˆν™˜μ—μ„œ μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” μ²™λ„μ—λŠ” 차이가 μžˆλ‹€. 즉, 주둜 μ›μœ„λΆ€ 감각 μ΄μƒμ˜ λ§Œμ„± μ§„ν–‰μ„± κ²½κ³Όλ₯Ό 잘 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λ―Όκ°ν•œ 척도듀이 λ‹Ήλ‡¨μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 개발 μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ³ [19,22,31,32,44] μ›μœ„λΆ€λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Όμœ„λΆ€ κ·Όλ ₯μ €ν•˜λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” μž¬λ°œμ„±μ˜ μš΄λ™ 이상을 특이적으둜 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 척도듀은 주둜 INCAT Group에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ λ©΄μ—­λ§€κ°œμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 연ꡬ에 μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€[6-12]. 이 척도듀은 ICFλͺ¨λΈμ— 따라 λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ–΄ λ³Έλ‘ μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘  이 두 λΆ€λ₯˜ 이외에도 λ³Έ 쒅섀에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ²™λ„λ“€μ΄λ‚˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡬ뢄이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 척도듀도 μžˆμ„ 수 있으며 이후 λ―Έλž˜μ— 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°œλ…μ˜ 척도가 개발될 κ°€λŠ₯성도 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ„ 병리 μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ 단지 좕삭성인지 νƒˆμˆ˜μ΄ˆμ„±μΈμ§€μ˜ ꡬ뢄도 μž„μƒ μ²™λ„μ˜ 선택에 μœ μš©ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€.
μ •λ¦¬ν•˜λ©΄ λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μž„μƒ μ²™λ„μ˜ 선택은 첫째 λŒ€μƒ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 병리 즉, κ·Έμ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ 크게 μΆ•μ‚­μ„± λ˜λŠ” νƒˆμˆ˜μ΄ˆμ„±μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μΈμ§€ 여뢀와 λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 주된 λͺ©μ μ΄ λŒ€μƒ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 손상, μΌμƒμƒν™œ(ν™œλ™) 및 μ‚¬νšŒμƒν™œ μ°Έμ—¬ μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ–΄λŠ 츑면의 평가에 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³ , λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ•žμ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰λœ 쒋은 μž„μƒ μ²™λ„μ˜ 쑰건듀을 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ”μ§€(β€˜clinimetrics’에 따라 μž„μƒ μ²™λ„λ‘œμ˜ μ μ ˆμ„±μ΄ μž…μ¦λœ 척도인지)에 λ”°λΌμ„œ κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이 쒋을 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. λ³Έ 쒅섀이 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 방법에 μ˜ν•œ 선택에 μ°Έμ‘°κ°€ λ˜μ–΄ μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ 수 λ§Žμ€ μž„μƒ 척도 μ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ ν•©ν•œ μ²™λ„μ˜ 선택에 도움이 되길 λ°”λΌλŠ” 바이닀.
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments

이 논문은 2005λ…„ λŒ€ν•œμ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™νšŒμ§€ λ³„μ±…μœΌλ‘œ λ°œκ°„λœ 'κ·Όμ‹ κ²½κ³„μ§ˆν™˜ μž„μƒ 척도’에 게재된 쒅섀을 κ°œμ • λ³΄μ™„ν•œ 것이닀.

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Appendices
Appendices
The Neurological Symptoms Scale (NSS)<sup><xref rid="tfn1-jkna-39-2Suppl-2" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref></sup>
Items Presence of symptoms
I. Symptoms of muscle weakness (W-NSS)
 A. Bulbar
  1) Extraocular          
  2) Facial          
  3) Tongue          
  4) Throat          
 B. Limbs
  5) Shoulder girdle and upper arm          
  6) Hand          
  7) Glutei and thigh          
  8) Legs          
II. Sensory disturbance (S-NSS)
 A. Negaitve symptoms
  9) Difficulty identifying objects in mouth          
  10) Difficulty identifying objects in hands          
  11) Unsteadiness in walking          
 B. Positive symptoms
  12) β€œNumbness”, β€œasleep feeling”, β€œlike Novocain”,β€œprickling”–at any side          
  13) Pain – burning, deep aching, tenderness – at any location          
III. Autonomic symptoms (A-NSS)
  14) Postural fainting          
  15) Impotence in male          
  16) Loss of urinary control          
  17) Night diarrhea          
Total score

Adapted from Dyck et al. [5]

Score 1 point for presence of a symptom.

The Neurologic Disability Score (NDS)<sup><xref rid="tfn2-jkna-39-2Suppl-2" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref></sup>
Evaluation Right Left
Cranial nerves              
 Papilledma              
 EOM weakness, Cr III              
 EOM weakness, Cr IV              
 Face weakness              
 Palate weakness              
 Tongue weakness              
Muscle weakness              
 Respiratory              
 Shoulder abduction              
 Biceps brachii              
 Brachioradialis              
 Extension of elbow              
 Extension of wrist              
 Flexion of wrist              
 Extension of fingers              
 Flexion of fingers              
 Intrinsic hand              
 Iliopsoas              
 Glutei              
 Quadriceps              
 Hamstrings              
 Dorsiflexors              
 Plantar flexors              
Reflexes              
 Biceps brachii              
 Tricpes brachii              
 Brachioradialis              
 Quadriceps femoris              
 Triceps surae              
Sensation              
 Index finger (below base of nail; JP at MC-P joint)              
 Touch/pressure              
 Pricking pain              
 Vibration              
 Joint position              
 Great toe (below base of nail; TP at MT-P joint)              
 Touch/pressure              
 Pricking pain              
 Vibration              
 Joint position              
Sum              
Total              

Adapted from Dyck et al. [5]

Score as follows: weakness is scored: 0=normal, 1=25%, 2=50%, 3=75%, 4=100%; papilledema is scored: 0=normal, -1=decreased, -2=absent.

The MRC Sum Score
Muscles groups (right and left) assessed in the measurement MRC grade (0 to 5) in right side MRC grade (0 to 5) in left side
Abduction of the arm                    
Flexion of the forearm                    
Extension of the wrist                    
Flexion of the leg                    
Extension of the knee                    
Dorsal flexion of the foot                    
Sum                    
Total                    

Adapted from Kleyweg et al. [7] with permission of John Wiley and Sons.

MRC; Medical Research Council.

The NIS, motor subscale
Muscles groups (right and left) assessed in the measurement NIS motor grade in right sidea NIS motor grade in left sidea
Abduction of the arm                    
Flexion of the forearm                    
Extension of the wrist                    
Flexion of the leg                    
Extension of the knee                    
Dorsal flexion of the foot                    
Sum                    
Total                    

Adapted from Dyck et al. [3,38] with permission.

NIS; Neuropathy Impairment Scale.

Manual muscle strength graded as 0=normal, 1=25% weak, 2=50% weak, 3=75% weak, 3.25=move against gravity, 3.5=movement, gravity eliminated, 3.75=muscle flicker, no movement, 4=paralysis. NIS-motor ranged from 0 (no motor deficit) to 48 (most severe motor deficit).

Neuropathy Impairment Scale, Sensory Subset
Scoring sensation
Right
Left
Sensation-index finger NA 0 1 2 NA 0 1 2
 Touch pressure
 Pinprick
 Vibration
 Joint position
Sensation-great toe
 Touch pressure
 Pinprick
 Vibration
 Joint position

Adapted from Dyck et al. [3,38] with permission.

NA; not applicable, 0; normal, 1; decreased, 2; absent.

The Overall Disability Sum Score (ODSS)<sup><xref rid="tfn4-jkna-39-2Suppl-2" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref></sup>
Arm disability scale – function checklistb Not affected Affected but not prevented Prevented
Dressing upper part of body (excluding buttons/zips) O O O
Washing and brushing hair O O O
Turning a key in a lock O O O
Using knife and fork(/spoon―applicable if the patient never uses knife and fork) Doing/undoing buttons and zips O O O
O O O
Arm grade
 0 = Normal
 1 = Minor symptoms or signs in one or both arms but not affecting any of the functions listed
 2 = Moderate symptoms or signs in one or both arms affecting but not preventing any of the functions listed
 3 = Severe symptoms or signs in one or both arms preventing at least one but not all functions listed
 4 = Severe symptoms or signs in both arms preventing all functions listed but some purposeful movements still possible
 5 = Severe symptoms and signs in both arms preventing all purposeful movements
Leg disability scale – function checklistc No Yes Not applicable
Do you have any problem with your walking? O O O
Do you use a walking aid? O O O
How do you usually get around for about 10 metres?
 Without aid O O O
 With one stick or crutch or holding to someone’s arm O O O
 With two sticks or crutches or one stick or crutch and holding to someone’s arm O O O
 With a wheelchair O O O
If you use a wheelchair, can you stand and walk a few steps with help? O O O
If you are restricted to bed most of the time, are you able to make some purposeful movements? O O O
Leg grade
 0 = Walking is not affected
 1 = Walking is affected but does not look abnormal
 2 = Walks independently but gait looks abnormal
 3 = Usually uses unilateral support to walk 10 metres (25 feet) (stick, single crutch, one arm)
 4 = Usually uses bilateral support to walk 10 metres (25 feet) (sticks, crutches, two arms)
 5 = Usually uses wheelchair to travel 10 metres (25 feet)
 6 = Restricted to wheelchair, unable to stand and walk few steps with help but able to make some purposeful leg movements
 7 = Restricted to wheelchair or bed most of the day, preventing all purposeful movements of the legs (e.g., unable to reposition legs in bed)

Adapted from Merkies et al. [12] with permission of BMJ.

Overall disability sum score = arm disability scale (range, 0-5) + leg disability scale (range, 0-7); overall range: 0 (no signs of disability) to 12 (maximum disability);

For the arm disability scale: allocate one arm grade only by completing the function checklist. Indicate whether each function is β€œaffected,” β€œaffected but not prevented,” or β€œprevented”;

For the leg disability scale: allocate one leg grade only by completing the functional questions.

The Rotterdam nine-item handicap scales
1. Mobility indoors: Are you able to move from room to room, negotiating doors, carpets and polished surfaces?a
  0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to move between rooms
2 = Move between rooms mostly with help of another person
3 = Move between rooms most of the time independently, sometimes needing help of another person
4 = Move between rooms totally independently
2. Mobility outdoors: Are you able to move outdoors from one place to another, negotiating curbs and uneven grounds?a
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to move outdoors
2 = Move outdoors mostly with help of another person
3 = Move outdoors most of the time independently, sometimes needing help of another person
4 = Move outdoors totally independently
3. Kitchen tasks: Are you able to fulfill tasks such as making a pot of tea/coffee and serving it; are you able to collect items from ahigh and low cupboard, refrigerator, etc.? (Other kitchen tasks are also applicable.)
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to fulfill any kitchen task
2 = Able to fulfill only a minimum of these tasks, mostly needing help of another person
3 = Able to fulfill most of these tasks independently, sometimes needing help of another person
4 = Able to fulfill all kitchen tasks independently
4. Domestic tasks (indoors): Are you able to fulfill house-cleaning tasks, such as vacuum cleaning, dishwashing, doing the laundry, dusting, etc.?
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to fulfill any domestic tasks indoors
2 = Able to fulfill only a minimum of these tasks, mostly needing help of another person
3 = Able to fulfill most of these tasks independently, sometimes needing help of another person
4 = Able to fulfill all indoor domestic tasks independently
5. Domestic tasks (outdoors): Are you able to do the shopping, manage the garden, clean the car, etc.?
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to fulfill any outdoor domestic tasks
2 = Able to fulfill only a minimum of these tasks, mostly needing help of another person
3 = Able to fulfill most of these tasks independently, sometimes needing help of another person
4 = Able to fulfill all outdoor domestic tasks independently
6. Leisure activities (indoors): Are you able to read a newspaper/magazine or a book, use the telephone, fulfill a hobby (other than sporting)?
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to fulfill these activities
2 = Able to fulfill only a minimum of these activities, mostly needing help of another person
3 = Able to fulfill most of these activities independently, sometimes needing help of another person
4 = Able to fulfill all these activities independently
7. Leisure activities (outdoors): Are you able to go to a party, theater, movies, concerts, museums, meetings, participate in sport?
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to fulfill these activities
2 = Able to fulfill only a minimum of these activities, mostly needing help of another person
3 = Able to fulfill most of these activities independently, sometimes needing help of another person
4 = Able to fulfill all these activities independently
8. Able to drive a car/go by bus/ride a bicycle: Are you able to drive a car, go on a bus/subway, or ride a bicycle?b
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to fulfill any of these tasks
2 = Able to fulfill only one of these tasks (if needed, with help of another person)
3 = Able to fulfill two of these tasks (if needed, with help of another person)
4 = Able to fulfill all these tasks independently
9. Work/study: Are you able to fulfill your prior (before becoming ill) job/study?
0 = Not applicable
1 = Unable to fulfill prior job/study
2 = Able to fulfill (partly) adapted job/study
3 = Able to fulfill partially the prior job/study
4 = Able to fulfill completely prior job/study

Adapted from Merkies et al. [54] with permission of Wiley. Circle one answer for each question. β€œIndependently” (see questions 1-8) means without the help of someone else. Transformation of raw scores to final scores: Rotterdam scale raw score = score summation of all applicable items; Rotterdam scale final score = raw score Γ—9 / (9 βˆ’ number of nonapplicable items), leading to a scale score-range of 9 (β€œunable to fulfill any task/activity”) to 36 (β€œable to fulfill all tasks/activities”).

Moving from room to room or outdoors does not necessarily mean that a patient has the ability to walk (e.g., a patient can also move from one place to another in a wheelchair);

For example, if a patient does not have a driver’s license, this part of the question was considered as β€œbeing fulfilled,” unless it was clear that driving would be absolutely impossible due to illness.

Erasmus Guillian-BarrΓ© Syndrome Respiratory Insufficiency Scale (EGRIS)
Category Score
Days between onset of weakness and hospital admission
 >7 days 0
 4-7 days 1
 ≀3 days 2
Facial and/or bulbar weakness at hospital admission
 Absence 0
 Presence 1
MRC sum score at hospital admission
 60-51 0
 50-41 1
 40-31 2
 30-21 3
 ≀20 4
EGRIS

Adapted from Walgaard et al. [61] with permission of John Wiley and Sons.

MRC; Medical Research Council.

Risk of respiratory insufficiency in Guillian-BarrΓ© syndrome within 1 week corresponding to EGRIS can be classified as low risk (EGRIS 0-2), intermediate risk (EGRIS 3-4) and high risk (EGRIS 5-7).

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